Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Thủ thuật dạy kỹ năng Nghe - Nói tiếng Anh hiệu quả

* Kết luận:

 Như vậy với các bước luyện âm cơ bản như trên, học sinh đã phần nào tự tin vì đã đi đúng hướng trong chuẩn hóa phát âm tiếng Anh. Giai đoạn tiếp theo sẽ là hình thành và tạo phản xạ nghe-nói theo các cấp độ. Tác giả sẽ trình bày chi tiết cách thức luyện nghe-nói cho học sinh trong phần kế tiếp.

(2). Tập hợp, phân loại hệ thống bài tập luyện nghe tiếng Anh hiệu quả từ cấp độ căn bản đến cấp độ nâng cao với loại hình hoạt động hấp dẫn, phong phú, gây hứng thú cho học sinh.

* Hệ thống bài nghe biên soạn từ cấp độ căn bản đến nâng cao:

- Nghe chữ số: Với bài đầu tiên học sinh được luyên lại cách phát âm từ 0 đến 9 sau đó luyện nghe ghi lại 05 số điện thoại. Bài nghe căn bản này thoạt nhìn có vẻ dễ nhưng trên thực tế thực nghiệm giảng dạy tác giả chưa thấy học sinh nào nghe đúng toàn bộ. Nguyên do là học sinh chưa nhận ra được cách đọc nối âm trong tiếng Anh – phần mà cần phải nhạy bén và tôi luyện rất nhiều. Bài số 1 luyện chỉ nghe số điện thoại, bài số 2 kết hợp số điện thoại và một vài số đếm khác trong phạm vi 100, bài 3 là toàn bộ các dạng của chữ số (số đếm, phần trăm, năm .).

Chi tiết nội dung của 03 bài luyện nghe theo Phụ lục 3 đính kèm.

- Nghe chữ cái: Nội dung luyện nghe căn bản thứ 2 là nghe chữ cái. Học sinh lại có dịp ôn lại cách phát âm 26 chữ cái trong tiếng Anh. Rất nhiều người kể cả giáo viên và học sinh có suy nghĩ chủ quan rằng nghe chữ cái không có là là khó nên không cần luyện nhiều. Trong chương trình sách giáo khoa hiện hành cũng gần như bỏ qua phần này. Tuy nhiên tác giả quan niệm phần nghe đánh vần chữ cái là phần không nên xem nhẹ. Học sinh cần được luyện tập sâu để có thể nghe được bất kì một từ nào được đánh vần. Đây là nền tảng cho việc luyện nghe thông tin chi tiết ở những cấp độ cao sau này.

Tác giả đề xuất 02 loại bài luyện tập. Loại bài thứ nhất vừa ôn lại nghe chữ số vừa bắt đầu nhận dạng nghe chữ cái. Loại bài thứ 2 là tập trung nghe toàn bộ chữ cái để ghi được các tên riêng từ 02 từ trở lên. Bài thứ 2 có thể tiến hành từ 2-3 buổi học.

Chi tiết 02 loại bài luyện tập theo Phụ lục 4 đính kèm.

- Nghe kết hợp chữ cái và chữ số: Phần này kết hợp ôn tập lại cả chữ cái và chữ số. Yêu cầu về mức độ tập trung của học sinh cũng phải cao hơn. Để luyện cho học sinh nắm vững phần này tác giả cũng đưa ra 02 loại hình bài tập.

- Nghe nhận dạng từ đơn: Sau khi luyện nghe căn bản thì bước vào cấp độ từ. Ban đầu học sinh được tiếp xúc với một loạt các bài hát khác nhau.

- Nghe điền từ đơn, cặp từ, cụm 03 từ và điền thông tin đầy đủ: Đây là các bước nâng cao dần về cấp độ nghe cho học sinh. Điều đặc biệt là trong phần này tác giả đã sử dụng các bài hát là ngữ liệu cho bài nghe.

Chi tiết về bài luyện nghe kết hợp chữ cái và chữ số, nhận dạng từ đơn, điền từ đơn, cặp từ, cụm 03 từ và điền thông tin đầy đủ theo Phụ lục 5

 

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is correct or wirte in the necessary changes.
1. EF Language School
EF House _________
1 Farman Street _________
Hove, Brighton _________
Sussex BN3 1AW _________
Tel:723651 _________ Telex:77843 _________
2. EF International School of English
21 Hills Road _________
Cambridge _________
CB2 2RL _________
Tel: 240020 _________ Telex: 817713 _________
3. EF International School of English
1-2 Sussex Road _________
Brighton _________
Sussex BN2 1JF _________
Tel: 571802 _________ Telex: 957005 ________
4. EF International School of English
64/80 Warrior Square _________
Hastings _________
East Sussex TN7 6BP _________
Tel: 432898 _________ Telex: 957005 _________
Bài số 2
Listen carefully and write down the names and places. 
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
 8. ...
Phụ lục 5: Nghe kết hợp chữ cái và chữ số, nhận dạng từ đơn, điền từ đơn, cặp từ, cụm 03 từ và điền thông tin đầy đủ. 
Bài số 1:
Listen carefully and write down the name, address and number in the spaces. 
Operator: Directory Enquiries. What city please?
Caller: (1) ...... .
Operator: Name?
Caller: (2)..
Operator: Thank you. And could you tell me his address?
Caller: (3).
Operator: The number is (4)..
Bài số 2:
Listen carefully and fill in appropriate information. 
1. Surname:	..
2. First name: 	..
3. Country: 	..
4. Age: 	..
5. Address: 	..
6. Telephone No: 	..
Bài số 3:
LISTENING ACTIVITY 11
Family name	1. __________________________
First name	2. __________________________
Length of English study	 3. __________________________
Examination passed	4. __________________________
Score	5. __________________________
Subject needing helping	 6. __________________________
Biggest problem	7. __________________________
- Bài số 4:
LISTENING ACTIVITY 12
TELL ME WHY
In my dream, ________ a song of love for every boy and girl
The sky is blue __________________are green
And laughter is the __________________ the world
Then I wake and all I see is a _________ of people in need
CHORUS: 
Tell me why (why) does it have to be ______________? 
Tell me why (why) is there something I _____________?
Tell me why (why) cos I _________________.
When so many _________ we don't give a _________
Tell me why?
Everyday I __________ what will I have to do to be a man?
Do I have to stand and fight to prove to __________ I am?
Is that what my life is for __________ in a world full of war?
CHORUS:
Tell me why? Tell me why?
Tell me why? Tell me why?
______________me why, why, why?
CHORUS:
Tell me why (why, why, does the tiger run?)
Tell me why (why why do we shoot the gun?)
Tell me why (why, why do we never learn)
Can someone tell us why we let the ____________?
(Why, why do we say we care?)
Tell me why (why, why do we stand and stare?)
Tell me why (why, why do the dolphins cry)
Can someone tell us why we let the _____________?
(Why, why if we're all the same)
Tell me why (why, why do we pass the blame?)
Tell me why (why, why does it never end?)
Can some one tell us why we cannot just ____________? 
(Why, why do we close our eyes?)
Tell me why (why, why do we speak a lie)
Tell me why (why, why do we fight for love)
Could someone tell us why 'cause we _____________
Why, why?
Bài số 5:
Listen and fill in the form.
Which subject put first	1. __________________________
Reasons	 2. __________________________
Second	 3. __________________________
Third 	 4. __________________________
Fourth	 5. __________________________
Which subject put last	6. __________________________
Reasons 	 7. __________________________
PHỤ LỤC 6: Ví dụ về hoạt động: Nghe sắp xếp theo nhóm theo.
Ví dụ 1: Bài hát “500 miles”
If you miss the train I'm on
You will know that I am gone 
Away from home ...(4 times) 
You can hear the whistle blow, a hundred miles.
Lord I'm five hundred miles away from home. 
A hundred miles ... (4 times) 
You can hear the whistle blow a hundred miles. 
Not a shirt on my back
Not a penny to my name 
Lord I'm one, Lord I'm two
Lord I'm three, Lord I'm four. 
Lord I can't go back home this away. 
Lord I'm five hundred miles away from home. 
This away ... (4 times) 
Lord I can't go back home this away. 
Ví dụ 2: Bài hát “The day you went away”
“The day you went away” 
Well I wonder could it be
When I was dreaming about you baby
4. So sad but true. For me there's only you
Been crying since the day. The day you went away
The day you went away. The day you went away
3. You were dreaming of me
Call me crazy, call me blind
To still be suffering is stupid after all of this time
5. Did I lose my love to someone better
And does she love you like I do
I do, you know I really really do
5. Did I lose my love to someone better
And does she love you like I do
I do, you know I really really do
7. Well hey, So much I need to say
Been lonely since the day
The day you went away
7. Well hey, so much I need to say
Been lonely since the day
The day you went away
9. So sad but true. For me there's only you
Been crying since the day. The day you went away
9. So sad but true. For me there's only you
Been crying since the day. The day you went away
11. Why do we never know what we've got 'til it's gone
How could I carry on
The day you went away
1. I remember date and time
September twenty second
Sunday twenty five after nine
In the doorway with your case
No longer shouting at each other
There were tears on our faces
10. Cause I've been missing you so much I have to say
Been crying since the day
The day you went away
2. And we were letting go of something special
Something we'll never have again
I know, I guess I really really know
12. The day you went away 
The day you went away
7. Well hey, so much I need to say
Been lonely since the day
The day you went away
 PHỤ LỤC 7: Ví dụ về 05 bài kiểm tra nghe hoàn chỉnh.
- Bài số 1: 
Question 1- 6: Listen to a man talking about his hobbies and choose the best answer marked A, B, C or D for each question below. Write your answer in the numbered box.
1. There are several things that the speaker likes to do _______ .
	A. in his house 	B. in his free time 	C. in his weekends	D. in his weekdays
2. Who taught the speaker to play the guitar?
	A. his uncle	B. his friend	C. his mother	D. his classmates
3. He admires the person who taught him to play the guitar very much because that person _____ .A. can accompany singers with his guitar well	B. is good at singing
C. is good at playing the guitar in the orchestra	D. is good at teaching 
4. In the talk, the speaker said that some of his fish _______ .
	i. bought from the shop
	ii. collected from the field
 	A. i only	B. ii only	C. both i and ii 	
5. What is the speaker’s third hobby?
	A. collecting envelopes	B. collecting stamps	C. buying envelopes 	D. buying stamps 
6. Which country does the speaker NOT MENTION as his stamps’origin?
	A. Russia	B. China	C. America	D. France
- Bài số 2: 
Part 1. Listen to the radio broadcast and put the topics in the order the doctor talks about them. 
Dr. Bain’s E-Z Tips for Healthy Living
A. Exercise
B. Diet
C. Smoking
D. Sleep
1. ________ . 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________
Part 2 : Listen and fill in the travel details of the form below. Write no more than 2 words or numbers for each blank.
VARSITY TRAVEL
Travel data
 Destination
Paris
 Number of people travelling
(5) ____________ 
 Travelling by
 Air France 
 Cost of travel
(6) ____________
 Date of travel
(7) ____________
 Client's name
 (8) Ms Rose ____________
 Client's address
 (9) 10, Old Road ____________
 Telephone number
 (10)____________
- Bài số 3:
Part 1: Listen to a recorded passage and fill in each blank with ONE word. Write your answer in numbered box.
	When it appeared on newsstands (1).. years ago, the first edition of Action Comics cost just ten cents. The cover design showed a well-built man in blue tights and a (2).. cape, smashing a car against a rock.
	Superman was introduced to readers as a “(3).. of the oppressed,” who could “run faster than an express train.”
	Only a hundred copies of that first issue survive. And for comic buffs this one was in breathtakingly good condition.
	In an online auction it fetched a little over $2 (4).., a world record for a comic. The buyer remains anonymous. The seller is rumoured to have been the actor Nicolas Cage.
	Connoisseurs of the comic world say this type of investment has become popular during troubled economic times because rare collectibles hold their (5).. more reliably than property or shares.
Part 2: Listen to five separate short dialogues from 1 to 5 and decide if each given statement is true or false. There is one numbered statement for each numbered dialogue. Write TRUE/FALSE in the column on the right.
Your answers
1. The woman won’t go to the movies on Friday.
2. The man will bring the woman a glass of water.
3. The man wouldn’t like to have the windows open.
4. The woman will probably turn down the volume.
5. The woman will pick up Frank at 2:00.
- Bài số 4:
I. Listening part 1: Listen and choose the best answers.
1. The man’s family mane is spelt as
A. Tompson	B. Thompson	C. Tohmpson	D. Tompshon
2. The man’s name is
A. Mike	B. Mark	C. Mack	D. Mickey
3. The man’s nationality is
A. British	B. French	C. German	D. American
4. The woman’s name is spelt as
A. Shmit	B. Scmit	C. Schmidt	D. Schmit
5. The woman’s nationality is
A. British	B. French	C. German	D. American
6. The woman’s given name is
A. Carole	B. Carol	C. Caroul	D. Carrol
7. The woman lives on 
A. Green road	B. Preen Road	C. Screen Road	D. Creen Road
8. The man lives on
A. Main Avenue	B. Main Road	C. Main Street	D. Main Lane
9. The man is studying
A. International Business	B. International Relations	
C. International Finance	D. International Marketing
10. The woman is studying
A. Biology	B. Medicine	C. Chemistry	D. Microbiology
II. Listening part 2: Listen to a dialogue and fill in each blank with ONE word.
Operator: Long (11) .. May I help you?
Caller: Yes, I want to (1) make a person-to-person (12) to Leeds, please.
Operator: What is the (13) of the person, please?
Caller: (14).
Operator: What is the number?
Caller: (15).
- Bài số 5:
SECTION I: Question 1 – 5: Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
People who travel (1)_________ on business or for pleasure often suffer some form of (2)_________ problem, yet over half of these problems can easily be prevented. The most common ailment, a (3)_________, can be avoided by taking along an ample supply of aspirin or other pain (4)_________. Another common affliction is motion sickness cause by the constant movement of a (5)_________. Ginger capsules, sold in most health-food stores, have been found (6)_________ as a remedy. Other familiar problems include sunburn, which can be prevented by using an effective (7)_________ and insect bites, which can be controlled with use of a repellent spray or ointment. For every day cuts and scratches, a first- aid kit (8)___________ bandages and antiseptic cream is recommended.
SECTION II: 
Question 9-13: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.
VIDEO LIBRARY APPLICATION FORM
Surname Jones
First name: Louise Cythia
Address: Apartment, 1, 72 (9)Street
 High Bridge
Post code (10).
Telephone: 98356712 (home)
 (11)..(work)
Driver’s license number: (12)...........................................
Date of birth Day: 25th Month :(13) .Year: 1977 
Question 14 -16: Circle THREE letters A – F
What types of film does Louise like?
Action	B. Comedies	C. Musicals	D. Romance	E. Westerns	F. Wildlife
Question 24 and 25: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer
17. How much does it cost to join the library? .
18. When will Louise’s card be ready? .
PHỤ LỤC 8: Nội dung của hơn 90 chủ đề nói thuộc 04 chủ điểm và dàn ý cho từng chủ điểm.
	* Tên chủ điểm: 
Chủ điểm 1: “People”
1. Describe one of your family member.
2. Describe one of your relatives. 
3. Describe a classmate, or acquaintance. 
4. Describe a friend that you often spend time with. 
5. Describe a friend who has played an important part in your life.
6. Describe a friend you have had or had for a long time. 
7. Describe a classmate or friend you often meet. 
8. Describe a classmate you had at a previous school. 
9. Describe a sportsman you know or know about. 
10. Describe your idol. 
11. Describe someone you know or know about who has an unusual hobby. 
12. Describe a young child you know or know about. 
13. Describe someone who is well known in your town, area or country. 
14. Describe a musician, singer or other artist you like or know about. 
15. Describe a famous person you have met or know about. 
16. Describe an historical figure who you know about. 
17. Describe someone you know or know about who is particularly skilful at work.
18. Describe someone you know or know about who has a lot of responsibility. 
19. Describe someone who is your hero, is the hero of someone you know, or is a hero of many people. 
20. Describe someone you used to play with when you were younger. 
23. Describe someone who looked after you when you were younger. 
21. Describe someone you know or know about who does his or her job well. 
24. Describe someone you know or know about who has an interesting or unusual job.
22. Describe an old person you know or know about. 
23. Describe a teacher who has greatly influenced you in your education.
	Chủ điểm 2: “Places”
1. Describe a room in the place you are living now. 
2. Describe a place you have lived in or are living now. 
3. Describe a city, town or village you know well. 
4. Describe a building that has made an impression on you. 
5. Describe a building, view or natural feature that impressed you. 
6. Describe a workplace you have worked in or know about. 
7. Describe a school that you are studying or have studied in. 
8. Describe a famous building you have seen or know about. 
9. Describe a place you often go in your free time. 
10. Describe a place you often go. 
11. Talk about somewhere foreign tourists would enjoy going in your town or country.
12. Describe a place that you think is relaxing. 
13. Describe a place which you think is beautiful. 
14. Talk about a place you have stayed in on holiday. 
15. Describe an historical place you have been to. 
16. Describe a famous natural feature that you have seen or know about.
17. Talk about a foreign country or other distant place you have been to on holiday. 
18. Talk about a foreign country you are interested in but have never been to.
19. Talk about a place in your country you have never been to but would like to visit. 
20. Talk about a day trip you have been on from your hometown or the place you are living now. 
21. Describe a store in your hometown or the place you are living now. 
22. Describe some countryside near your hometown or the place where you are.
23. Describe a park or other green space in your hometown or near where you are living at the moment. 
24. Describe a long distance journey you have been on. 
25. Describe a place you want to go but have never been to. 
26. Describe a place you often went as a child.
27. Describe your perfect workplace. 
28. Describe the first place house or flat you remember living in. 
29. Describe a place that you have only been to once in your life. 
30. Describe a place that your parents took you to. 
Chủ điểm 3: “Things”
1. Describe one thing that you have to do regularly in your work or studies. 
2. Talk about a job you would like to do in the future. 
3. Talk about a subject you would like to study in the future. 
 4. Talk about a sport you did or were interested in when you were a child. 
5. Describe a project you had to do in your studies or job. 
6. Talk about a hobby you are interested in but have never tried. 
7. Talk about one thing you are planning to do or might do next weekend. 
8. Talk about one thing you are planning to do after you pass this test. 
9. Talk about another language you would like to learn. 
10. Talk about a foreign language apart from English that you are interested in learning. 
11. Talk about a sport you are interested in but have never played. 
12. Talk about one method of learning English or another foreign language you have used. 
13. Talk about a test in English or another foreign language you have taken at school or elsewhere. 
14. Talk about a short term goal or ambition you have. 
15. Talk about a long term goal or ambition you have. 
16. Describe an item that you have that is important to you.
17. Describe an electronic item that is important to you. 
18. Talk about something you use for your work or studies. 
19. Talk about a thing that is important to take with you when you go away on holiday.
20. Describe a present that you have received. 
21. Describe a present that you gave someone. 
22. Describe a famous food from your hometown or country. 
23. Describe an item of clothing that you often wear. 
24. Describe an item of clothing that you have had for a long time. 
25. Describe a possession that you have had for a long time. 
26. Talk about a pet you have or have had. You should mention.
27. Talk about something that is in your bag or pocket now. 
28. Talk about an English book you have read or used. 
28. Talk about something you would particularly like to purchase. 
29. Describe the transport system for commuters in your city or country. 
30. Talk about a musical instrument you would like to be able to play but can’t. 
31. Describe a wild animal in your country. 
32. Talk about a future festival or celebration in your family or your country. 
Chủ điểm 4: “Time”
1. Talk about a time when you visited someone else’s house. 
2. Describe a party that you have been to.
3. Talk about an important day in your life. 
4. Talk about a birthday you remember well. 
5. Describe a holiday you have had. 
6. Describe your typical day when you are not working or studying. 
7. Describe a typical festival or celebration in your country. 
8. Talk about your last or a recent family gathering. 
9. Describe an important historical event in your country. 
10. Talk about your favourite day of the year.
11. Talk about how your family usually celebrate the New Year. 
12. Talk about the next time you will go away on holiday. 
 * Tiến trình dạy và cách lập dàn ý cho các chủ điểm
- Chủ đề 1: “People”
+ Danh sách các chủ đề: Tác giả đã tập hợp được 25 chủ đề với nội dung từ dễ đến khó và gắn liền với học sinh. 
+ Cách hình thành bài nói: Để hình thành bài nói hoàn chỉnh tả người thì tác giả đã tiến hành dạy học sinh trong 05 buổi:
+ Buổi 1: Làm quen cách tả hình dáng. (appearance)
+ Buổi 2: Làm quen cách tả tính cách. (personality)
+ Buổi 3: Làm quen cách tả lối sống và quan điểm. (lifestyle and attitude) 
+ Buổi 4, 5: Luyện tập bài hoàn chỉnh.
Như vậy học sinh luôn sẵn sàng dàn ý cho bài tả người là phải tả 04 ý chính, sau đó tả các đặc điểm cụ thể trong từng ý chính đó. Từ đó về sau học sinh có thể xử lí bất kì câu hỏi nào liên quan đến tả người một cách tự tin và xuất sắc. 
- Chủ đề 2: “Places”
Cách thức tiến hành tương tự như chủ điểm 1, chỉ khác dàn ý đó là:
+ Tả về vị trí.
+ Tả về thắng cảnh.
+ Tả về khí hậu.
+ Tả về đặc sản ẩm thực.
+ Tả về con người. 
Tùy thuộc vào từng câu hỏi để lựa chọn một vài ý trong số 05 ý chính trên. Thứ tự các ý có thể thay đổi tùy thuộc vào sự đặc biệt của nơi đó.
- Chủ đề 3: “Things”
Cách thức tiến hành tương tự như chủ điểm 1, chỉ khác dàn ý đó là:
+ Tả về hình dáng.
+ Tả về công dụng
+ Lí giải điều đặc biệt về nó.
- Chủ đề 4: “Time”
Cách thức tiến hành tương tự như chủ điểm 1, chỉ khác dàn ý đó là:
+ Nêu rõ thời gian, địa điểm.
+ Mình làm gì vào thời gian đó. 
+ Kể những nhân vật có liên quan vào thời gian đó.
+ Lí giải điều đặc biệt về thời gian đó.
	..	Hết..

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